Assyrian Creation Story

Enuma Elish

When on High

Karl Evans


From about the time of Ezekiel
Adapted by Dr. Karl Evans
from the work of Dr. Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testaments, and many others.

Sometimes we wonder what difference it makes
What religion we follow,
What beliefs we hold.

Does it matter whether we are Methodist,
Or even Christian, or Muslim or Parsi?
Perhaps there is no difference?

Perhaps it makes no difference what we believe.
Perhaps it makes no difference why we are created,
Or what we believe about our creator.
Perhaps it makes no difference,
The state of the mind of the Creator
At the moment of creation.
We say that sometimes.
But I don't know.
I don't know.

Now our nation is locked into a battle with other nations,
Nations from which our forefathers sprang,
Nations that was the birthplace of Abraham,
The bonds-places of Isaiah, and of Ezekiel,
the home of Babylon and its tower.

When Ezekiel and the people were in slavery there,
Two and a half millennia ago
Ezekiel saw the erosion of the faith.
He saw the ritual
That awful ritual,
That defined the lives of the people of Babylon
on the first day of the
New Year on the tower, that awful place,
the ziggurat,
the holy place of the Babylonians.

Thousands of Babylonians sang and chanted
While standing on the steps of the Ziggurat.
Thousands stood waiting, waiting and listening
For the blessing of the Story of Creation,
For the blessing of being Babylonian.

Ezekiel was confounded by what he saw.
He saw that all the youth of Israel were tempted to join the
Babylonians on the slopes of the Ziggurat.
He knew the story that would be told there,
About the creation.

But there would be no Yahweh
No ancient Lord of Israel,
No remembering the faith
of the Wandering Arameans
who left this place fifteen hundred years before.

Ezekiel knew the citizens of Babylon,
And all those who wished to turn their backs
On the faith of their fathers,
the ancient ones,
Would be there to become as one of the Babylonians
By listening to this story.

They would become as one of the Babylonians,
Free to own land,
Free to marry those cute Babylonian girls,
Free to get a loan at the bank,
By going to the Ziggurat on the first day of the New Year,
By listening to the story,
And allowing the drops of ritual blood to fall on them.

When the children of Israel
Stood on the terraces of the Ziggurat,
This is the story they would hear
That would change them from Israelites
To Babylonians.

Let it be its own witness.
Let it reveal to you the truths of Yahweh and the Creation,
Let it reveal by speaking what is not the truth.
Let it speak by its lies and deceits. Hear,
and understand in your heart
the struggle of Ezekiel.

When on High the heavens had not been named,
Before the fog and mist was brought to order,
Before firm ground had been called forth and named,
There were only two--
By name,
Apsu, the sire of all that was to be,
And Mother Tiamat, she who bore all life in her womb.

The fresh waters of Apsu, the begetter,
And the marine waters of Mother Tiamat,
Commingled together as a single body,
There was no separation between them.
There was no firmness anywhere.
There was not so much as marsh land
In the mist that was their being.

Then it happened that the gods were formed within them,
Gods and goddesses were brought forth,
Being named and ordered by Apsu and Mother Tiamat.

The first of them were formed, Anshar and Kishar by name,
Called before all others.
And Anshar and Kishar lived long and well.

Their child was Anu, the equal of Anshar and Kishar,
The equal of all before him.
The Heir-child of Anu was Nudimmud,
Not the equal of his fathers,
But the master of his fathers
And his fathers' fathers.

Nudimmud was one of broad wisdom,
Understanding,
Mighty in strength.
He was mightier by far than his grandfather, Anshar.
Nudimmud had no rival among the other gods, his brothers.

Nudimmud was leader among the gods,
Chief among the pack, chief at the party.
Nudimmud and his brothers ran and shouted back and forth
Among the mists of all that was.
One day they partied and laughed,
On another day they fought and cried the cries of battle.
Every day they were loud,
Strong in their disturbance of Tiamat, the mother god..

By their loudness and their laughter and their youthful cries
They disturbed the mood of Tiamat as they surged
Back and forth, back and forth.

Apsu, the father of their fathers,
Chided them strongly for their loudness.
"Pipe down in there!
Have a little respect for your elders."
Tiamat was beside herself at their ways,
These young gods and goddesses, their seed.
Their actions were loathsome to her.
Unsavory were their ways,
They were overbearing in their manner,
Rebellious children.

Then Apsu called his wizard, saying
"You who makes my spirit sing,
Let us go talk to Tiamat!"
Together they went to the beautiful Tiamat,
The mother of all gods and goddesses.

Apsu spoke words of anger and bitterness.
"I find their ways repugnant and stupid.
There is no relief during the day
And I cannot rest by night.

I will destroy them,
I will wreck their ways
That quiet may be restored.
Let us have rest!" said Apsu.

Hearing this, Tiamat raged at Apsu.
"What is this?
Should we destroy all that we have built?
These are our children!
We will be kind and gentle with them."

Then the wizard spoke to Apsu.
His advice was evil and self-serving.
"Destroy them and their mutinous ways.
Then you will have relief both by day and by night."

And Apsu's face grew red with rage at what he planned
Against his sons and daughters.

Now, whatever Apsu and Tiamat plotted between them
Was repeated to the gods, the children of Apsu and Tiamat.
When the child-gods heard these things,
They became frightened,
Then fell into silence and remained speechless.

But one of the gods, surpassing all others in wisdom,
Experienced in power and in resourcefulness,
His name was Ea,
He saw through their scheme.
Ea designed a master design, bold and daring,
And by his powers set it into the whole scheme of being so That none could set it aside or depart from it.

Ea made Apsu sleep the non-waking sleep,
The sleep of too much wine..
With Apsu asleep, the wizard was unable to stir,
For his being resulted only from the mind of Apsu.
After Ea chained Apsu,
Ea took the crown from the head of Apsu
And placed it on his own head.
He took the cosmic halo
And wrapped it around his own brow.

Having thus bound Apsu,
Ea slew his father's father.

Then there was peace for a time.

Ea and his Bride, Damkina,
Dwelled in peace in the holy house
Built on the rounded belly,
the top of the body of Apsu,
The body on which we stand today.
This body, the Great Height of Babylon.

Now, in this holy house,
The sacred home on the holy hill,
Was created a god,
The most able and wise of the gods.

Marduk was his name.
Nursed by the most becoming of the goddesses,
Marduk was rendered perfect in awesomeness,
Strong in his walk, alluring in his figure,
Sparkling the lift of his eyes.

There was no disfigurement to see or to control him by.
Four were his eyes, four were his ears,
Seeing all things and hearing all things.
When he moved his lips,
Fire blazed forth.

Damkina his mother cried out
"My Son! My Son!
My Son, the Sun of the Heavens!"

The child-gods looked among themselves
For a champion,
A hero to battle the awesome Tiamat, their mother.

And Marduk was named to be King,
Conferred with scepter, throne and robe.
They said to Marduk,
"Go and cut off the life of Tiamat.
Sever her into many pieces!
May the winds bear her parts to places unknown!"

Then Marduk laid his face to disturb Tiamat,
The mother of gods,
To wrest from her the last knot of power.

Marduk called forth the storms to disturb Tiamat,
For the gods have no sleep in the storm.

And the words came to Tiamat,
"Watch what Marduk is doing!
When they slew Apsu, your lover,
You did not aid him but lay still.

Because you lay still, and did not stir,
Your lover Apsu was destroyed.
Now Marduk has brought the mighty storm to disturb you,
And there is no rest.
There is none other. You are left alone.
Let Apsu, your lover, be avenged!"

So Tiamat chose from among her own assembled gods,
Her first-born,
A council for battle, and a leader.
This leader was one Kingu, given all power in council.
"Your command shall be unchangeable,
Your word shall endure."
Tiamat set Kingu up as her son, her heir,
In command of all things.
Kingu began to prepare for battle,
Calling from all the council of Tiamat their advice.

From Mother Hubur, who fashions all things,
Tiamat gathered matchless weapons.
Only Mother Hubur could make them,
These master tools of violence.

Tiamat bore monster-serpents with sharp teeth
And long fangs, filled with venom.
Tiamat clothed roaring dragons with terror,
Making them like gods,
So that all who look upon them will die.
She set up the Viper,
The Dragon,
And the Sphinx.
She called for the Great Lion,
The Mad Dog,
And the Scorpion-man,
The Centaur,
Weapons that spare not.

Thus Tiamat prepared to avenge her lover, Apsu,
To make her own peace by destroying her own children.

And thus it came that the battle to be fought,
Came to be fought between Tiamat, the mother of gods,
And Marduk,
Merodach-bashan, to those who read the Old Testament.
It was a battle long on power and on brutality,
A battle not ever to be matched
among those who survived the first..

Marduk and Tiamat fought with demons and dragons,
Powers and beasts,
With sharp teeth and clashing fang.

With loud roars,
Marduk threw lightning bolts through the skies at Tiamat.
With shrieks of anger,
Tiamat tore at Marduk
With her Scorpion-man
And with her Mad Dog.

Then at last Tiamat opened her mouth with a rage,
To the roots of her legs she shook,
Casting leave of her senses.

Tiamat prepared to consume Marduk,
So wide open was her mouth.

Marduk seized the moment,
The decisive moment of the universe,
Drove the tornado into her mouth
So she could not close it.
Her body was distended by the force of the wind.
He slew her with an arrow formed of the lightning,
A flash of fire, a spear formed of the heat of the sun.

Casting her down.
Marduk slew her there.
Marduk slit her body open as a clamshell,
Half of which he posted as the earth,
Holding the waters of Apsu and Tiamat.
Half the body of Tiamat
Marduk made to be the sky.
Marduk named the years and the days.
Marduk set up the seasons and the constellations.
He set the moon ablaze at night.

And then Marduk announce his grandest plan.
"Blood I will mass, and cause bones to be.
I will establish a savage, Man shall be his name.
He will do the work for the gods,
That the gods will be at ease.
For we are gods, and labor should not be our lot.
But one of the gods must die
That the rest of us might live.

Ea, the father of Marduk, spoke to Marduk,
Pleased by the plan for the relief of the gods.
"Let but one of the gods be handed over.
He alone shall perish that mankind may be fashioned.
Let us call the gods into assembly,
And let the god who is guilty before all be handed over
That the others may endure."

In the assembly, the gods cried out,
“It was not I!
It was Kingu!
It was Kingu who brought the uprising,
Who caused the battle!"

They brought poor Kingu before Ea
Who pronounced the guilt
And the condemnation of Kingu.
They opened his blood vessels
And as his blood fell freely in drops to the earth,
Full of the very passion of the gods,
The vision of the gods for tomorrow,
Full of the power of the gods,
The blood was fashioned into humankind,
By the addition of the ways of death
And uncertain knowledge
And humankind became a reality
For the service of the gods.
For the eternal service of the gods.

And it came to pass that humankind,
To this day,
Is called to serve the gods.

Humankind is named from the blood of Kingu
To plow the fields and irrigate the crops,
To harvest the crops,
To build temples for the glory of the gods,
And to bring to these temples
The best of the produce of the fields
That the gods might be satisfied
And rage and battle no more.

And when the old year and all persons die,
The blood of Kingu will scatter upon the earth,
And you will come again to life
And yet again will the gods be satisfied
By your labors.

And as the priest finished reciting the story of the creation,
He gathered up his container of wine,
Shaking it against the skies,
Letting the drops of blood-red liquid fall among the crowd
Gathered on the slopes of the Tower.
And the drops were brought into new life in the persons on whom they fell,
New life to serve the gods,
The citizenship of the nation,
For the service of the gods.

Let no one assume, now,
That the people of Iraq still share that ancient myth.
Today, even the people of Iraq,
Devout Muslims, many,
Strong in their faith,
Have a creation story that is different--
Quite different--
From the one I have just told you.
They have turned their backs on this old story--
Indeed, most of them abandoned it long ago.

Let us consider the new story they have chosen
To establish the relationship between human beings and god,
The god they know as Allah.

Let me read to you just a bit of this story.

In the Beginning, God created the Heavens and the Earth,
And the earth was without form and void, adrift in the mist.
And darkness was upon the face of the deep waters. ......

Sound Familiar? It should.

The Scriptures of Islam and the Scriptures
Of Judaism and Christianity are together
Until we reach the story of Hagar and Ishmael.

Then let me read to you something that is said later.
Coming from the covenant God makes with the People,
Who live out this story of life and covenant.

God loved the people of the world so much
that he gave the life of his only son
That whoever lives and has faith with him
might not perish but have eternal life.

I Am Not A Godless Man

Job

All Rights Reserved

Karl Evans

Once upon a time in the Land of Uz there lived a man named Job. You have heard of Uz. The land is not too far from here. It is a comfortable and pleasant place to live.

Job was a good and just man. He did his best to live the kind of life he knew he should. It was a life that reflected his best dreams. He was deeply concerned about his faith with Yahweh, his Lord.

Job was rather a typical man in many ways. He lived with his wife and children and grandchildren. Job's adoring family gathered around him in the evening when the work was done.

With the children close around, Job told them the stories of the past. When he told these stories, he always talked about his Lord. It was Job’s way of making certain his family was easy with the Lord.

Job had friends and neighbors who wanted to trade with Job. They trusted Job. Because of his honesty and his fairness, Job had many friends.

Job always had much to trade. His farm was blessed with an abundance of sheep and goats and cattle. Job’s crops always produced plentifully for harvest. The hay and grain fed many sheep and goats and cattle. Job’s harvests of vegetables and fruit were always prized for their quality.

When Job struck a deal with a neighbor to trade, his word was as good as gold. No one ever suggested he tried to substitute poor products for good.
In most ways, Job was very much like everyone around. However, most believed Job to be a little stronger and a little more honest than others. He might have seemed a little more sensitive than some to the needs of those around him. That is, he was a little different.

Job had only one real worry. He was concerned that he might do something that would be counted as sin. This worried him every day.

This deep concern led to one unusual task each day. Job handled it as regularly as clockwork. He finished his work with joy over the blessings provided by the Lord. Then at the close of the day Job would make a little sacrifice. This was to show repentance for any misdeed he might have committed.

Often the sacrifice was a dove, or a chicken. Sometimes it was a handful of grain thrown into the fire or into the wind. On special occasions it was a spotless lamb that was slaughtered. Job so wanted to do what was right in the eyes of the Lord.

Each evening, just before sunset, Job's family gathered around the table. They ate their good food. They talked about the events of the day.

One evening a neighbor rode up with word that thieves had raided Job’s property. The oxen and mules had been captured and the servants killed. A bunch of rogues such as occasionally infested the area had done the dirty work.

As Job went from the table to investigate the situation, a servant rode up. This servant told Job that some wild Chaldeans from across the river had raided one of the camps. This was a wild mob of raiders from across the Jordan River. They had killed some more of the servants and stolen Job's camels.

Job was now confused and heartbroken. This servant began to pour out the details. The confused Job hardly knew where to go first. He had been leaving to investigate one tragedy and been called to another.

In a moment, yet another servant came running. This servant cried "Your children have been caught in a tornado and all of them are killed!"
At this news, Job was just beside himself. His family, his crops, his animals, his servants--all were gone. Job wept. Big tears cascaded down his cheeks, staining his robe.

Job raised his voice to the heavens as he wept. He did not lift his voice in anger. Rather, the hills rang with praise as he spoke an ancient poem:

"Naked I came from my mother's womb;
The Lord gave and the Lord has taken away.
Blessed be the Name of the Lord!"

Being faithful was very difficult in such a trying time.

Being faithful was very difficult in such a trying time.

As the days and weeks and months went by, Job tried to keep his face and his faith. He struggled to recover the work of his life.

But one day Job found himself with sores all over his body. The sores were not only ugly, but they smelled and ran with liquid. They made other people afraid to be near him. The neighbors thought maybe he had leprosy.

Job's wife was an understanding and kind woman. She worked hard to make a good life. She tried to help Job get out of his misery. She said, "Job, I love you dearly. But you would be better off if you were dead. Curse God, and God will make the lightning strike you dead."

Job did not hesitate but answered "Hush, honey! We accept good from the hand of the Lord. Should we not also accept the hurt that comes?"

So Job kept the faith, but it was not easy. The day finally came when Job could not take any more of the pain. He could not fight the battle of faith any longer.

Job had some friends, people he trusted. They listened while Job, he who would never curse the Lord, cursed the day he was born. "Damn the day that I was born! Damn that sunrise and that sunset! Damn the clouds that drifted by on that day! Damn the water that flowed in the streams of the earth on that day!"

"May the memory of that day fade in the infamy it so richly deserves! Why couldn't I have died at birth rather than live so long as to see my life destroyed?"

Job’s friends listened. They could scarce believe their own ears! Eliphaz, a scholar who had come from Te'eman, spoke first. "Job, my friend, we know you are a good man. You have helped all of us at one time or another. But we know the Lord, and you know the Lord. It is certainly true that the Lord does not punish anyone for nothing. You must have done something very bad."

"I know you don't know what it was. Think of it this way, my friend. With the punishment comes a release. As you pay the price for what you have done, you will be free of the burden of your sin. You will live a good, long, healthy life. You have paid such a great price for whatever is your burden."

Job angrily listened to the words of Eliphaz. He was bitter both Eliphaz. Job was bitter at the Lord. "Eliphaz, I don't know which is worse. I serve a god who takes away the lives of my family and my servants. This destroys me. I have a friend who accuses me of some guilt without naming the guilt. I do not understand this strange thought. My God chooses to destroy my people. I would rather that God would destroy me than take the lives of my people."

"What gain is there if the Lord claims I am guilty but I have not the knowledge of my own evil? I need to know how long it will be before I am forgiven by the Lord. If the Lord waits too long, I will be lying in the grave. I will not be available for forgiveness. I need to know now!"

Another old friend, Bildad, the wise man from the land of Shuh, said "Job, please remember that I am your friend. Don't talk about God that way. You must really pray. Pray hard. If you will really get down on your knees and just pray, that will do it. The Lord will forgive you and everything will be all right."

By now Job was willing to try anything. "I will try. But I don't really even have self-confidence enough anymore to even pray. How can I be a just man before God? Do you not see all these things have happened to me? They are the proof that I am a worm, and not a good man."

"If I come before God he will truly destroy me. Oh, would that I had never been born! Leave me alone, Lord, just leave me alone!"

These words of anger caused another friend, Zophar, the community leader from the land of Na'aman, to speak. "Job, buddy, let me give you some words of wisdom. You are feeling a great guilt. You say you have failed in some way before the Lord. You try every day to do what is just and right."

"But you get no words from the Lord saying what is wrong and what is right. You cannot know the secrets of the Lord."

"You are feeling guilt. You know no reason for guilt. You just know bad things are happening to you. Therefore you think you must be guilty for some unknown reason. You believe that the Lord would not punish the innocent."

"Surely the Lord does not require so much of you? You surely cannot be guilty of that which you are unaware. So my advice, my friend, is simply to love the Lord with all your heart! Do not be so concerned to understand. Perhaps you simply cannot understand. Perhaps it is not the will of the Lord that you should know!"

At these words Job roared with anger, both at Zophar and at the Lord. "No doubt you are the only wise man. When you die all wisdom will die with you. Is that not true?"

"Come now. I am not so dumb. I have some understanding of the ways of the Lord. Ask the birds and the rabbits and the foxes the ways of the Lord. They will tell you. If you ask the tree and the bush and the worm, they will tell you."

"Am I so dumb?" queried Job. "Am I dumber than these other creatures of the Lord? I know something of the way of the Lord!"

"And you just watch! I am preparing my case to lay before the Lord. I am not a godless man. A godless man will not stand before the Lord. I will. I will lay my case before the Lord, face to face, toe to toe. I will challenge the Lord!"

"I will ask `Why, Lord?'. I will ask the Lord `Under what pretext do you do this to me?’"

Eliphaz by now was ready for the lightning bolt to strike. "Your words! Your words! Your words are doing away with the fear of the Lord! No one will be filled with awe and terror at the name of the Lord if you stand to the Lord face to face and survive. Because of this, the Lord cannot let you win your case."

"You will be finally destroyed! Back off, my friend. Relax, don't be so possessed. Don't worry so much about it. Let it be!"

Zophar said "Be at peace, my friend. You know you don't have long to live. You know people are frail. We are not really of much worth to God. You know God could well do without all of us. God does not need even a great teacher such as me. Take it easy."

Bildad spoke up. "Remember, the peace of the ungodly comes only when they are destroyed. Those who do not dwell in the house of the Lord will be destroyed."

By now Job was in no mood to dink around. His family was gone. His servants and his cattle and his flocks were gone. His body was covered with sores that caused people to back away from him.

His friends, people with whom he sought counsel, did not support him. Some accused him of deserving the pain and punishment. Others just told him to buck up and take it like a man. They said he should suffer without complaint at the injustice.

Finally Elihu, the fourth friend, began to speak with words that brought strength and hope. "Job, listen carefully. I have some things to say on God's behalf. Don't let the evil that has come on you destroy your faith. Do not pay attention to the words of those around you. They must not turn you to scoffing at the Lord. The ways of God are just. There is neither evil nor selfishness in them."

"The Lord does not need to show us the divine ways. But the Lord shows us what the Lord will show us out of choice. Remember what the Lord has shown to you! The Lord has prospered you in the good times as well as the hard times. Do not scoff at the power of the Lord!"

Now Job was silent. He had to listen, for what Elihu said was truth. In many ways, he had been fulfilled by the Lord. Job knew that though he wanted to find fault with the Lord, he could not. For what fault could there be in the Lord?

Then out of the cloud the Lord spoke to Job. The voice of the Lord was deep, like thunder. "Job, prepare to do battle. Gird up yourself like a man, and come before me face to face."

"Let me question you. How strong are you? Your muscles were big, and strong. Could you plant a ring in the nose of the hippopotamus?"
"Your hands have tamed the wild bull. That is really something, I will grant. But can you go fishing for a crocodile? Can you pierce a python with a hook as bait for the croc?"

The Lord did not wait for an answer. He knew there would be none. "No? Then what makes you think you can do battle with me?"

Job did not look down. Instead, he answered the Lord in words so true in all the ages.

"I have met you face to face. For this, I expected to die, but I did not. Now I live and I understand. Before the evil came on me, we were not close. Then the evil came, and the only way I could finally win would be to do battle with you with words and emotions. You might have destroyed me, for you are God. You have all wisdom and heart."

"But you did not take my life. Now we talk together, you and I. Our words and our questions are stronger than battle. Our common victory is in knowing the heart of the other. I ask you questions and you answer me."
"Before, I had only heard of you. Now I know you face to face. I have not been destroyed but redeemed. Before, I knew the joy of things. Now I know the joy of knowing you."

Now Job and the Lord walked arm in arm together. Job no longer needed to do battle with the Lord. Job did not now risk his own destruction. But Job was now not afraid to ask the Lord "Why?"

Job was now not afraid to listen to the words of the Lord. Job was not afraid to love the Lord.

Karl Evans
All Rights Reserved

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Stories That Heal

Welcome to the Bible Story Blog. Over fifty years of amateur and professional ministry I have told many stories. That is what you will find here. Stories. I hope you will read and respond to them. I appreciate whatever you have to say. When I throw the words to the winds, they no longer belong to me, but to the hearer or reader.

When these words are in your mind and heart, you will respond somehow to them. You are a slave to them. They will change you somehow.

So read, think, enjoy, and let me know how the story shapes your life. The only question that matters is how the story shapes your life. Do not ask about historical narratives. Only make comments from your own heart about validity, meaning and value.

The question of validity is first. Does the story reflect the truth of the world in some way? How? Second, what does this truth mean to you, to your relationships with others, to your image of yourself? Third, how strong is this meaning, and does it really change you? These are the only questions to ask of a story.

Karl Evans


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